difference between Malaysian and Shanghai mathematics education is that Malaysian students underwent an extra year of Form 6 or pre-university study as compared to Shanghai students. Thus, they managed to learn all the belated contents. For example, the Shanghai syllabus did not introduce the concept of series in upper secondary school while the Malaysian students learned the sum of finite and infinite convergent series in their Form 6 syllabus. In the Shanghai syllabus, the concept of discrete random variable and continuous random variable were mentioned in the learning of normal distribution without detailed discussion. Conversely, in Malaysia, the distribution of both types of random variables was discussed. In the learning of estimation, Shanghai only had point estimation; while in Malaysia, both internal estimation and point estimation were introduced. Finally, differential equations, limit of functions, continuity of functions, time series, index numbers, and variation were all found in the Malaysian but not in the Shanghai syllabus.