Reports that Argentina has had a strong recovery, developed a considerable social safety net, and made meaningful progress in poverty reduction, but inequality remains (1) in the outcomes between men and women in the labor market, (2) across the regions of the country, and (3) in the access of children to essential goods and services, especially sanitation and good-quality education. Large dividends have resulted from greater earnings and higher employment levels, but labor market outcomes among women lag the corresponding outcomes among men, and women experience higher unemployment rates. Signs of strain also appear in the nation’s broadening social safety net, with the neediest recipients of public transfers still living in extreme poverty. Expenditure growth has outpaced the revenue growth over the past decade so that the commodity-fueled surpluses of the postcrisis period have turned to deficits, and addressing this crucial issue requires revisiting many of the public spending choices.