Orthotics
For severe conditions, such as fallen arches or structural problems that cause imbalance, podiatrists or physicians may need to fit and prescribe orthotics, or orthoses, which are insoles molded from a plaster cast of the patient's foot. Orthotics are usually categorized as rigid, soft, or semi-rigid.
Before seeking prescription orthotics, people with less severe problems should consider testing the lower-priced, over-the-counter insoles.
Types of orthotics include:
Rigid Orthotics. A rigid orthotics is used to control motion in two major foot joints that lie directly below the ankle. They are often used to prevent excessive pronation (the turning in of the foot) and are useful for people who are very overweight or have uneven leg lengths. Some experts warn that rigid orthotics may cause sesamoiditis or benign tumors from pinched nerves.
Soft Orthotics. A soft orthotics is designed to absorb shock, improve balance, and remove pressure from painful areas. They are made from a lightweight material and are often beneficial for people with diabetes or arthritis. A soft orthotics needs to be replaced periodically, and because it is bulkier than rigid orthotics, it may require larger shoes.
Semi-Rigid Orthotics. A semi-rigid orthotics is designed to provide balance, often for a specific sport. It is typically made of layers of leather and cork reinforced by silastic.