1. Feedback cues: a feedback message contains cues which guide the recipient’s
attention. Particularly helpful are cues which make learners turn their attention to
their work on task, to the learning process and to the learners’ self-regulation.
Feedback cues which induce learners to focus on their personal qualities may be
distractive (see Visscher and Coe 2003, p. 327). This may also be the case with
feedback with respect to the quality of results if the feedback does not contain
additional information about productive ways of focusing the work on task (see
Hattie and Timperley 2007, p. 90).