To investigate the effectiveness of the washing steps in eliminating
the oil phase of the primary emulsion, the amount of oil
associated with the particles was measured using NMR. The oil
content associated with the particles was found to increase upon
increasing calcium concentrations, ranging from 0.5% (w/w) oil
on protein for the particles prepared without calcium to 5.8% (w/
w) for the particles prepared with 400 mM calcium. The final oil
content association with the aqueous phase after redispersion
was less than 1.2% at the highest concentration of calcium.