The latest generation of the SDSS (SDSS-IV, 2014-2020) is extending precision cosmological measurements to a critical early phase of cosmic history (eBOSS), expanding its revolutionary infrared spectroscopic survey of the Galaxy in the northern and southern hemispheres (APOGEE-2), and for the first time using the Sloan spectrographs to make spatially resolved maps of individual galaxies (MaNGA). Two smaller surveys will be executed as subprograms of eBOSS: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) will be the first large-scale, systematic spectroscopic survey of variable sources; while the SPectroscopic IDentification of EROSITA Sources (SPIDERS) will provide an unique census of supermassive black-hole and large scale structure growth, targeting X-ray sources from ROSAT, XMM and eROSITA.