According to Australia, Article VIII needs to be read in the context of the other provision of the Convention, to which it provides a limited exception. In particular, Australia maintained that conservation measures adopted in pursuance of the objectives of the Convention, “including the moratorium and the Sanctuary” , are relevant also for whaling for scientific purposes, given that the reliance on Article VIII, paragraph 1,cannot have the effect of undermining the effectiveness of the regulatory regime as a whole.