Ion exchange is a well-known technique to modify the mechanical and optical properties of glasses at temperatures below the strain point of the glass. Typically, the exchange of small ions such as sodium in an alkali-containing glass, with larger ions such as potassium from a molten potassium nitrate bath below glass transition temperature, is responsible for the creation of compressive stress in the surface region of the material. Because glass articles usually break due to excessively applied tension acting on surface flaws, the introduction of a high surface compression into glass surface region strengthens the glass . This process of chemical strengthening or ion-exchange strengthening was originally described by Kistler [14] and Acloque and Tochon in 1962. Recently, demand for multifunction leads to most of the ion-exchanged glasses enduring subsequent treatment processes.
Further, to a display device, surface treatment, for example, formation of