If the improved scenario is expanded to the country scale, the
cassava pulp could be used for raw material in ethanol production
process instead of selling it for feedstock. This option could increase
the value chain of this by-product and would offset about 250 ± 23
million USD. Moreover, by using 5 MTPY cassava pulp for ethanol
production, 1.1 MTPY fresh cassava could be avoided. Therefore,
105 ± 23 million USD of this loss cost could be reduced. However,
100 percent diversion of cassava pulp to use for ethanol production
may affect livestock industry on driving up the cost of feed.
Therefore, more a detailed study needs to be conducted on the
trade-off to find the optimum percent of cassava pulp to be diverted
for ethanol production.
In Fig. 7, the improved scenario showed that the demand for
cassava root for ethanol production is 11.5 ± 0.75 MTPY, if we spare
cassava utilization for feed and for starch production the same as in
2012 with at 11.9 MTPY and 14.2 MTPY respectively without
reduction of exports. Total requirement of cassava would be
37.6 ± 0.75 MTPY. The yield improvements were targeted to increase
from 21 ton/ha to 31 ton/ha. This can increase the cassava
production to meet the feedstock requirement. Therefore, the AEDP
target could be met by increasing cassava plantation yield. Moreover,
with the proposed scenario, 425 ± 79 million USD/y loss cost
would be offseted/reduced. All in all, AEDP target of 9 MLPD or 2700
MLPY can be achieved by producing 1973 MLPY of ethanol using
cassava with all modified plant using VHG-SSF process, producing
187 MLPYof ethanol using cassava pulp and producing 540 MLPYof
ethanol using molasses as shown in Fig. 7.