The data for this study came from the Learner’s Perspective Study (LPS for short),
which examines the patterns of participation in competently taught seventh or eighth
grade mathematics classrooms in thirteen countries in a more integrated and
comprehensive fashion than has been attempted in previous international studies (Clarke et al., 2006 ). In this study, we selected one Chinese school data set and one
U.S. school data set. The main topics taught over 10 consecutive lessons in the Chinese
and U.S. classroom are shown in Table 1.