aflatoxins are one of the most potent mycotoxins produced by fungi Aspergillus flavus and A.parasiticus in/on foods and feeds , and another producers have been reported.
Aflatoxins were first isolated and characterized after outbreaks of disease and death in turkeys (turkey * disease) and cancer in rainbow trout fed on ration formulated from peanut and cottonseed meals.
base on chemical structure , aflatoxin are difuranocoumarin derivatives produced by a polyketide pathway bymany fungal-strain producers.
the diseases caused by aflatoxins consumption are called aflatoxicoses, which reported in humans in many parts of the world.
aflatoxins can cause acute and chronic health effects including immune suppression ,growth retardation, cancer and in severe acute exposure, death.
aflatoxins can cause disease throughout the body, but are most commonly known for causing acute or chronic liver disease and liver cancer.
on the basis of acute toxicity, aflatoxins are considered among the most potent hepatotoxins within the different variants and are by far the most studied.
there are six major chemical forms of the aflatoxins, including aflatoxins b1,b2,g1,g2,m1 and m2.
aflatoxins b1 and b2 fiuoresce blue under shortwave UV, while aflatoxins g1 and g2 fluoresce green.
aflatoxins m1 and m2 are the forms that B forms are converted to through metabolic processes in animals and are excreted in milk.
aflatoxin b1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known , and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains.
hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxin are mainly attributed to adduct formation with DNA ,RNA and protein.
in addition, aflatoxins also cause lipid peroxidation as well as oxidative damage to DNA.
aflatoxins are one of the most potent mycotoxins produced by fungi Aspergillus flavus and A.parasiticus in/on foods and feeds , and another producers have been reported.Aflatoxins were first isolated and characterized after outbreaks of disease and death in turkeys (turkey * disease) and cancer in rainbow trout fed on ration formulated from peanut and cottonseed meals.base on chemical structure , aflatoxin are difuranocoumarin derivatives produced by a polyketide pathway bymany fungal-strain producers.the diseases caused by aflatoxins consumption are called aflatoxicoses, which reported in humans in many parts of the world.aflatoxins can cause acute and chronic health effects including immune suppression ,growth retardation, cancer and in severe acute exposure, death.aflatoxins can cause disease throughout the body, but are most commonly known for causing acute or chronic liver disease and liver cancer. on the basis of acute toxicity, aflatoxins are considered among the most potent hepatotoxins within the different variants and are by far the most studied.there are six major chemical forms of the aflatoxins, including aflatoxins b1,b2,g1,g2,m1 and m2.aflatoxins b1 and b2 fiuoresce blue under shortwave UV, while aflatoxins g1 and g2 fluoresce green.aflatoxins m1 and m2 are the forms that B forms are converted to through metabolic processes in animals and are excreted in milk.aflatoxin b1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known , and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains.hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxin are mainly attributed to adduct formation with DNA ,RNA and protein.in addition, aflatoxins also cause lipid peroxidation as well as oxidative damage to DNA.
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