A past conception regarding rural versus urban health was the idea of an “epidemiological transition” that occurs when populations move from underdeveloped areas to urban ones. With the onset of modernization it was thought that the burden of disease would shift from infectious to chronic causes. In the past, most deaths were caused by infectious diseases, degenerative diseases, and violence; thus, people did not often live long enough to be afflicted by chronic causes of death such as heart disease and diabetes. While this transition does exist in some extent, today it is more appropriate to talk about a “double burden” of disease, both infectious and chronic