Intravenous (IV) fluids are widely administered to acutely- unwell, hospitalized patients (Rosenthal, 2006). Many of these patients receive maintenance IV fluids to prevent dehy- dration, treat or prevent hypovolemia, or to provide a vehicle for nutritional or pharmaceutical agents (Grocott et al., 2005; Baid, 2010). IV fluids are used to replace or restore normal fluid and electrolytes status or the repair of acid-base and electrolyte imbalances (Baid, 2010; Crawford & Harris,