We quantify energy return on energy investment (EROI) as one metric for the sustainability of alternative
jet fuel production. Lifecycle energy requirements are calculated and subsequently used for calculating
three EROI variants. EROI1 is defined as the ratio of energy in fuel output to lifecycle (direct and indirect)
fossil fuel energy inputs, excluding the energy content of fossil feedstock that ends up in the produced
fuel. EROI2 is defined as the ratio of energy in fuel output to total fossil fuel energy inputs, including
the energy content of fossil feedstock that ends up in the produced fuel. EROI3 is defined as the ratio
of energy in fuel output to lifecycle (direct and indirect) fossil and non-fossil energy inputs, excluding
the energy content of fossil and non-fossil feedstock that ends up in the produced fuel. We also define
an approximation for EROI1 using lifecycle CO2 emissions. This approach agrees to within 20% of the
actual EROI1 and can be used as an alternative when necessary. The feedstock-to-fuel pathways
considered include conventional jet fuel from crude oil; Fischer–Tropsch jet (FT-J) fuel from natural
gas (NG), coal and/or switchgrass; hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids jet (HEFA-J) fuel from soybean,
palm, rapeseed and jatropha; and advanced fermentation jet (AF-J) fuel from sugarcane, corn grain and
switchgrass. We find that EROI1 for jet fuel from conventional crude oil ranges between 4.9 and 14.0.
Among the alternative fuel pathways considered, FT-J fuel from switchgrass has the highest baseline
EROI1 of 9.8, followed by AF-J fuel from sugarcane at 6.7. HEFA-J fuel from oily feedstocks has an EROI1
between 1.6 (rapeseed) and 2.9 (palm). EROI2 differs from EROI1 only in the case of fossil-based jet fuels.
Conventional jet from crude oil has a baseline EROI2 of 0.9, and FT-J fuel from NG and coal have values of
0.6 and 0.5, respectively. EROI3 values are on average 36% less than EROI1 for HEFA-J pathways. EROI3 for
the AF-J and FT-J fuels considered is 50% less than EROI1 on average. All alternative fuels considered have
a lower baseline EROI3 than conventional jet fuel.