Calcium bioavailability from two types of enriched (calcium citrate and calcium carbonate) milks homogenized
to a nano-sized particle distribution has been studied among 48 female Sprauge-dawley rats. Skim
milk powder was enriched with some essential nutrients (Inulin, DHA & EPA, vitamins B6, K1, and D3) as
enhancers of calcium bioavailability according to recommended dietary allowances of the West European
and North American. Ovariectomized and ovariectomized-osteoporosis rats were used as a menopause
and menopause-osteoporosis model, respectively. Although, nano-sized enriched milk powders had
the greatest calcium bioavailability among the groups, but bioavailability of nano-sized calcium
carbonate-enriched-milk was significantly (P < 0.05) better than nano-sized calcium citrate-enrichedmilk.
Moreover, the trends were similar for bone calcium, strength and morphology. Therefore, based
on the current results the calcium carbonate nano-sized enriched milk could be an effective enriched
milk powder in ovariectomized-osteoporosis and ovariectomized rats as a model of menopauseosteoporosis
and menopause women.