introduction in our research over the past few years, we have been examining what it is about some men's voices that causes listeners to judge them as sounding gay (Rogers, Jacobs, and Smyth,2001. the phonetic variables that correlate with these judgments include
the duration of the sibilants
the peak frequencies of S Z
the aspiration duration of syllable-initial voiceless stops
the degree of velarisation of the lateral as measured by the second formant frequency