Both public and private payers have come to recognize the importance of experimentation with physician payment methodologies that incentivize medical practices to expand the provision of preventive services, improve clinical outcomes, and enhance patient safety and satisfaction. These incentive programs, known collectively as “pay for performance” programs, have the potential to increase physician use of health information technology, evidence-based clinical guidelines, and administrative and clinical “best practices.” They may also increase access to appropriate and timely care.