women were taught how to do kick count monitoring, had three non-stress tests per week, and underwent amniotic fluid measurement two to three times per week. Labour was induced if the non-stress test was nonreactive or showed decelerations, if there was low amniotic fluid (deepest pocket less than 3 cm), if complications developed, if the mother requested an induction, or if the mother did not go into labour on her own by 44 weeks. If an induction occurred in the expectant management group, mothers did not receive cervical ripening— instead, they either had their water broken and/or oxytocin, or had a Caesarean without labour.