The present study focused almost exclusively on conidial survival under high-temperature storage conditions; however, the excellent shelf life exhibited by Bb conidia stored at the moderate temperature of 25 °C in glass jars flushed with CO2/N2 (Fig. 2A) is also noteworthy. We unfortunately did not include a normal atmo- sphere (air) control in the experiment, but 87% viability after 16 months is nevertheless one of the longest recorded shelf lives of this fungus in the absence of refrigeration. In 25 °C storage studies reported by Jaronski (1997), a wettable powder formulation of Bb strain GHA retained 89% viability after nearly 9 months, and a technical powder remained 70% viable after 1 year.