By the time a child is two-and-a-half years old, he or she is going beyond telegraphic speech forms and incorporating some of the inflectional morphemes that indicate the grammatical function of the nouns
and verbs used. The first to appear is usually the-ing form in expressions such as cat sitting and mommy reading book.
The next morphological development is typically the marking of regular plurals with the-s form, as in boys and catd. The acquisition of the piural marker is often accompanied by a process of overgeneralization. The child overgeneralizes the apparent rule of adding -s to form plurals and will talk about foots and mans. When the alternative pronunciation of the plural morpheme uesd in houses (i.e. ending in [a-z]) comes into use, it too is given an overgeneralized appilcation and form such as boys or footses can be heard. At the same time as this overgeneralization is taking place, some children also begin using irregular plurals such as men quite appropriately
for a while, but then try out the general rule on the forms, producing expressions like some mens and two feets, or even two feetses. Not long after, the use of the possessive inflection-'s occurs in expressions such as girl's dog and Mummy's book.
At about the same time, different forms of the verb "to be," such as are and was, begin to be used. The appearance of forms such as was and, at about the same time went and come should be noted. These are irregular past-tense forms that we would not expect to hear before the more regular forms. However, they do typically precede the appearance of the-ed inflection. Once the regular past-tense forms (walked, played) begin appearing in the child's speech, the irregular forms may disappear for a while, replaced by overgeneralized versions such as goed and comed. For a period, the -ed inflection may be added to everything, producing such oddities as walkeded and wented. As with the plural forms, the child works out (usually after the age of four) which forms are regular and which are not.
Finally, the regular-s marker on third person singular present-tense verbs appears. It occurs first with full verbs (comes, looks) and then with auxiliaries (does, has).
Throughout this sequence there is a great deal of variability. Individual children may produce "good" forms one day and "odd" forms the next. The evidence suggests that the child is working out how to use the linguistic system while focused on communication and interaction rather than correctness.
For the child, the use of forms such as good and foots is simply a means of trying to say what he or she means during a particular stage of development. Those embarrassed parents who insist that the child didn't hear such things at home are implicitly recognizing that "imitation" is not the primary force in first language acquisition.
โดยเวลาเด็กเป็นสอง และครึ่งปี เขาหรือเธอไปแบบฟอร์มโทรเลขพูดและเพจของ morphemes inflectional ที่ระบุการทำงานไวยากรณ์ของคำนามและใช้คำกริยา ครั้งแรกปรากฏเป็นปกติกำลังฟอร์มในนิพจน์เช่นแมวนั่งและอ่านหนังสือ mommyการพัฒนาของหน้าจะทำเครื่องหมายพหูพจน์ปกติกับแบบฟอร์ม s ในเด็กผู้ชายและ catd กระบวนการของ overgeneralization มักพร้อมซื้อเครื่อง piural เด็ก overgeneralizes กฎชัดเจนเพิ่ม -s รูปแบบพหูพจน์ และจะ พูดคุยเกี่ยวกับ foots และบรุษ เมื่อ uesd morpheme พหูพจน์ในบ้าน (เช่นสิ้นสุดใน [a-z]) สำรองออกมาใช้ มันเกินไปได้รับการ appilcation overgeneralized และจะได้ยินเช่นเด็กผู้ชายหรือ footses ในเวลาเดียวกัน เป็น overgeneralization นี้ใช้สถานที่ เด็กบางยังเริ่มใช้พหูพจน์ไม่สม่ำเสมอเช่นผู้ชายค่อนข้างเหมาะสมสำหรับในขณะที่ แต่ลองแล้วออกกฎทั่วไปสำหรับแบบฟอร์ม ผลิตนิพจน์เช่นบุรุษบาง และสองฟุต หรือแม้กระทั่งสอง feetses ไม่นานหลังจาก ใช้การผันคำข้างหวง-ของเกิดขึ้นในนิพจน์เช่นสุนัขของเด็กหญิงและหนังสือของมัมมี่At about the same time, different forms of the verb "to be," such as are and was, begin to be used. The appearance of forms such as was and, at about the same time went and come should be noted. These are irregular past-tense forms that we would not expect to hear before the more regular forms. However, they do typically precede the appearance of the-ed inflection. Once the regular past-tense forms (walked, played) begin appearing in the child's speech, the irregular forms may disappear for a while, replaced by overgeneralized versions such as goed and comed. For a period, the -ed inflection may be added to everything, producing such oddities as walkeded and wented. As with the plural forms, the child works out (usually after the age of four) which forms are regular and which are not. Finally, the regular-s marker on third person singular present-tense verbs appears. It occurs first with full verbs (comes, looks) and then with auxiliaries (does, has). Throughout this sequence there is a great deal of variability. Individual children may produce "good" forms one day and "odd" forms the next. The evidence suggests that the child is working out how to use the linguistic system while focused on communication and interaction rather than correctness.For the child, the use of forms such as good and foots is simply a means of trying to say what he or she means during a particular stage of development. Those embarrassed parents who insist that the child didn't hear such things at home are implicitly recognizing that "imitation" is not the primary force in first language acquisition.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..