Nowadays, phytoremediation using MA mainly focused on the
use of immobilized culture. Efforts on the application of suspended
MA phytoremediation became less apparent due to the difficulties
in biomass separation and culture maintenance. However in this
research, the focus on the extent of multi-trophic system by means
of using suspended marine MA, Chlorella sp. and EM-1 in treating
Lates calcarifer aquaculture wastewater was selected. Symbiotic
microbial cooperation required the determination of an optimum
ratio of inoculation between both bioremediators for the effective
removal of pollutants. The performance of different inoculation
ratio of EM and MA was evaluated. Furthermore, a detail kinetics
study on nutrient removal was done in order to establish design
parameters and protocols for the multi-trophic system. Additionally,
this study was aimed at integrating EM biofilter and MA
photobioreactor into an innovative solution of zero discharge in
aquaculture wastewater treatment. Finally, the output of this study
will help to unveil the potential of multi-trophic treatment technology
especially in recirculating aquaculture wastewater treatment
system as well as enhancing the development of clean and
green technology.