Chapter io The Brain and Language The complexities of human cognitive abilities had been a mystery to mankind for a long long time. Around the mid-18oo AD, the search for insights into brain notions, including the acquisition of language and the correlation between the language and the brain led to new ground being broken by neuroscientists The study concerned with the biological and neural foundations of language is called neurolinguistics and specialists in this field are known as neurolinguists. Neuroscientists have four ways of plumbing the brain's complexities to uncover its secrets: CI) studying patients suffering from brain damage (2) Chemically or electrically producing lesions at specific brain sites (3) Electrically stimulating and recording brain activities (4) Using computer-driven scanning devices to photograph the brain Each technique is intended to produce new knowledge about the structure, organization and biochemical basis of normal brain functions, and (ii) to diagnose brain decease and dysfunctions so as to clinically evaluates therapeutic effects of specific treatments.