Sociodemographic patient characteristics (age, sex, regular
partner, highest level of education completed, employment,
income, inability to work) were recorded using patient or
physician information. Medical variables considered were
duration of the illness, treatment motivation assessed by
the physician on a 6-point rating scale where 1 indicates no
motivation and 6 indicates very high motivation, and comorbidity
(measured using a rehabilitation-specific comorbidity
score).38 To assess pain impact, pain intensity (visual analog
scale, range 0–100), and disability (Oswestry Disability
Index [ODI], German version)39 were measured. Additionally,
various psychologic variables were measured that are
assumed to have an effect on the patient’s communication
preferences, ie, the personality characteristics of warmth and
gregariousness (measured using the facet scales of the same
name in the NEO Personality Inventory, German version),40
fear avoidance beliefs (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire,
German version),41 illness coherence (Illness Coherence scale
IPQ-COH of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,42
German version,43 reliability in our sample Cronbach’s
alpha =0.83), and the Control Beliefs Concerning Illness and
Health questionnaire.44 The latter is a widely used instrument
in Germany and measures the general health-related locus of
control. The three scales, each of which includes seven items,
measure internal locus of control (reliability in our sample
Cronbach’s alpha =0.83), social external locus of control
(Cronbach’s alpha =0.68), and fatalistic external locus of
control (Cronbach’s alpha =0.79).
Sociodemographic patient characteristics (age, sex, regularpartner, highest level of education completed, employment,income, inability to work) were recorded using patient orphysician information. Medical variables considered wereduration of the illness, treatment motivation assessed bythe physician on a 6-point rating scale where 1 indicates nomotivation and 6 indicates very high motivation, and comorbidity(measured using a rehabilitation-specific comorbidityscore).38 To assess pain impact, pain intensity (visual analogscale, range 0–100), and disability (Oswestry DisabilityIndex [ODI], German version)39 were measured. Additionally,various psychologic variables were measured that areassumed to have an effect on the patient’s communicationpreferences, ie, the personality characteristics of warmth andgregariousness (measured using the facet scales of the samename in the NEO Personality Inventory, German version),40fear avoidance beliefs (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire,German version),41 illness coherence (Illness Coherence scaleIPQ-COH of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,42German version,43 reliability in our sample Cronbach’salpha =0.83), and the Control Beliefs Concerning Illness andHealth questionnaire.44 The latter is a widely used instrumentin Germany and measures the general health-related locus ofcontrol. The three scales, each of which includes seven items,measure internal locus of control (reliability in our sampleCronbach’s alpha =0.83), social external locus of control(Cronbach’s alpha =0.68), and fatalistic external locus ofcontrol (Cronbach’s alpha =0.79).
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