recommends the use of technology-rich environments to motivate students for increased achievement in all subject areas. den Brok, Levy, Brekelmans, and Wubbles (2005) recommend “proximity” in the interpersonal behaviour of the teacher towards students, while Cheung (2001) supports the use of popular supports the use of popular culture in the classroom to enhance student motivation. In contrast, others have proposed multiple, broad strategies, each of which subsumes a large number of potential microstrategies. Thanasoulas (2002)