Rita Udina. Paper & Book conservation and restoration
Rita Udina. Paper & Book conservation and restoration
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Restoration of school poster from spanish civil war period
(català / castellano)It’s now some years since I restored this map, but I feel like sharing it anyway.This map represents the typical school posters: with its wooden slats to roll and hang, lined on the back. It was very common to varnish them with shellac to waterproof and protect them from abrasion. This one was made of two pieces of printed paper, sticked together along the central horizontal stripe. It is from 1936, spanish civil war was barely breaking.It has been restored on the initiative ofSabadell Municipal Museums, with the exhibition Made in Sabadell.The main degradation was the varnish layer (shellac) which causes cracks and dries paper fibres. At the end this oxidizes and turns yellow the object. Its relatively large scale (121 x 117 cm) does not help on its conservation either.Removing the old varnish has allowed to repare other minor damages: tears, gaps and wrinkles. But most important is that the new varnish is not oxidizing nor yellowing. As it is very flexible it will not crack in the future.Countless microfissures eroded the formerly smooth surface of the printed paper. The image above, raking lighted, shows how the removing of the original varnish allowed to hydrate the paper again, restoring its elasticity.Damp stains were also a minor damage (in terms of physical and chemical stability of the object), though at first glance they were very annoying. Once they were cleaned, tha map can be best enjoyed. Micro cracking of the varnish affected the clarity of the work, dampening colours and blurring lines. After the old varnished has been removed, colours recover intensity and definition.The restoration has eliminated harmful aspects and healed the main damages, respecting the map’s original characteristics and appearance: gloss, presentation with the wooden slats, cloth on the back and ribbons. The products applied are reversible and long term preservation.How we did it:Removing the canvas from the back.Separation of the two printed paper pieces.Water cleaning and deacidification. Yes, the papers are washed in water!The two separate parts of the map, clean and without varnish, that has been removed by immersion too.Sizing, consolidation of tears and gaps.Adding tissue reinforcement on the reverse (japanese paper lining).Retouching gaps on the front.Varnishing.Mounted on canvas, slats and ribbons. Restorers: Marina Carbonell and Rita Udina.
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14 THOUGHTS ON “RESTORATION OF SCHOOL POSTER FROM SPANISH CIVIL WAR PERIOD”
Edgar Bolívar Rojas on August 15, 2014 at 14:38 said:Maravilloso ejemplo de la importancia de la memoria, en este caso del sistema educativo.—Wonderful example of the importance of memory, in educational system in this case.Reply ↓Rita Udinaon August 15, 2014 at 15:02 said:Efectivamente, parece mentira que en plena guerra civil se editaran estos documentos tan valiosos e útiles. Lo curioso, además, es que a pesar de la represión cultural el cartel fue escrito en catalán.—Absolutely, it’s amazing that this valuable and useful documents were edited during civil war. Curious that besides cultural repression the poster was written in catalan.Reply ↓Manelon August 16, 2014 at 06:26said:Rita, segons diuen el cartell s’edita l’any 36, en aquests moments a Catalunya encara no havia caigut la república.—Rita, according to what’s said the poster was edited in 1936, and at that time the catalan republic hadn’t still fallen down.Reply ↓Rita UdinaonAugust 16, 2014 at 08:49said:Doncs tens raó! La repressió va venir després —So right! Repression came after Reply ↓anthonyzammitanhtony on August 25, 2014 at 11:40 said:Well done the procedure worked with good results. What technique used on removing the old varnish? Excellent workReply ↓Rita Udinaon August 28, 2014 at 14:54 said:I removed the varnish with ethanol, on a bath, just after the water one.Reply ↓Beverley Lambert on August 25, 2014 at 17:02 said:Wonderful! impressed that these conservators willing to share their experience. This is definitely a help to others for future treatments.Reply ↓Rita Udinaon August 28, 2014 at 14:55 said:Thank you Beverly,It’s such a pleasure in fact, I also learn a lot from sharing.Reply ↓Beverley Lambert, Art conservator, Newfoundland, Canada on August 25, 2014 at 23:57 said:I too wondered whether the water wash removed the varnish. It could be so, if the varnish was animal based and old, probably cross linked -deteriorated enough to ‘dissolve’ in water? I have found distilled or di-ionized water a strengthening agent for old papers, by removing acidReply ↓Rita Udinaon August 28, 2014 at 15:00 said:Hi Beverly,The varnish was removed in ethanol bath after the one with water, it dissolved really well on this solvent that is why I’m pretty sure it was shellac, not any animal glue.I agree with you on the beneffits of water, I water-clean whenever I can, and so I did on this map.Thanks for your comment!Reply ↓Jeff Cargill on March 13, 2015 at 11:12said:Hi RitaYou mention that you used the Ethanol bath after one with water. Did you apply the ethanol while the paper was still damp? Just thinking that the paper being moist would prevent penetration of the dissolved varnish into the paper structure. I’ve removed varnish before using cotton swabs and denatured alcohol (basically 95% Ethanol, 5% Methanol), the varnish was removed but it also penetrated into the paper to some extent and I wasn’t entirely satisfied with the result.Reply ↓Rita Udinaon March 13, 2015 at 15:05 said:Hi Jeff,It does, indeed, penetrate at some extent.The ethanol bath was short after the water one, and the paper was not completely dry, a little damp.Anyhow, to remove as much as possible shellac and avoid paper fibres to get soked in it, I did a couple of baths. The seconnd one, I hope, removed quite a lot the remnants, which I imagine is unavoisable to remove completely.My thought while doing this was:why when these varnishes are dry they look so superficial when in fact, when they are being applied, the solvents used penetreate so easily among fibres? I mean, that when first varnished it might have been quite impregnated, not only superficially…Thanks for your comment! Reply ↓Eddie on July 24, 2015 at 00:26 said:Beautiful work!!How many layers of Japanese lining paper were applied?Reply ↓Rita Udinaon July 24, 2015 at 16:14 said:Two layers of a 12 gr japanese paper.Thanks for your comment! Reply ↓
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POSTS by tag:
Aida Nunes architecturearchives Arsenio Sánchez Hernampérez art bibliographybibliopaths bookbinders booksCarmen Peña contemporary coursesdocuments Domènec Palau Emma Sánchez Hildegard Homburger ICCROM industrial heritage IPCE (Institute for Cultural Heritage of Spain) Josep Cambras large scalelibraries Luis Crespo Arcá museumsNano for Art plans/maps Portugal National Library poster rare booksrestorers Sabadell History Museum (Barcelona) Serra & Balet Spanish National Librarytapes tracing paper treasureUniversity of Barcelona (UB)
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POST by category (hierarchic) Select Category BIBLIOGRAPHY (1) DAMAGES (13) acidity / oxidation (6) bibliopath (4) bibliophagist (3) insect (1) woodworm (1) microorganisms (3) mould (3) foxing (1) scotch tape (5) structural (1) wrinkles (8) OBJECT (16) book (9) bundle (1) headband (2) locks (2) tight back (1) document (10) drawing (2) fund / archive (1) poster (2) PRODUCTS (8) chemical gel (1) Filmoplast (1) Klucel (2) nanoparticles (1) shellac (3) solvent (4) synthetic varnish (1) SUPPORT (16) leather (5) parchment (3) metal (3) paper (13) coated paper (art paper) (1) laid paper (2) tracing paper (6) impregnated paper (1) onion skin paper (3) textile (3) cotton (1) silk (1) velvet (1) wood (2) TECHNIQUE (15) graphite (pencil) (3) ink (4) manuscript (9) print (8) engraving (1) reproduction (1) diazotype (1) watercolour (3) THEORY on cons. & rest. (3) criteria (3) TREATMENTS (19) binding (4) bleaching (1) cleaning (11) dry cleaning (4) stain removal (6) tape-removal (1) varnish removal (3) wet cleaning (6) consolidation (11) insert (10) leafcasting (1) lining (paper) / lamination (4) lining (textile) (1) sizing (2) deacidification (5) digitization (2) disinfection (2) flattening (2) flattening under tension (1) housing (storage) (3) box (3) minimal intervention (2) preventive conservation (2) climate (RH, temp.) (1) retouching (5) varnishing (3)
Cloud of categories
acidity / oxidation bibliopathbinding book box cleaning criteriadeacidification digitization disinfectiondocument drawing dry cleaning flattening graphite (pencil)headband ink insert Klucel laid paperleather lining (paper) / laminationlocks manuscript metal minimal intervention mould onion skin paperpaper parchment poster printretouching scotch tape shellacsizing solvent stain removaltracing paper varnishing varnish removal watercolour wet cleaningwood wrinkles
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ริต้า Udina ฟื้นฟูและอนุรักษ์กระดาษและสมุดริต้า Udina ฟื้นฟูและอนุรักษ์กระดาษและสมุดเมนูหลักข้ามไปหลัก contentBlogProjectsServicesProfessional profileF.A.Q.More ... ContactSearchนำทางไปรษณีย์← PreviousNext →คืนของโรงเรียนโปสเตอร์จากรอบระยะเวลาของสงครามกลางเมืองสเปน(català / castellano) เป็นบางปีเนื่องจากฉันคืนค่าแผนผังนี้ แต่ฉันรู้สึกอยากร่วมกันต่อไป แผนที่นี้แสดงโปสเตอร์ทั่วไปโรงเรียน: มีของ slats ไม้ม้วน และหาง เรียงรายด้านหลังการ มากไป varnish ด้วยเชลแล็กเพื่อกันน้ำ และป้องกันรอยขีดข่วนได้ นี้ทำการพิมพ์กระดาษ sticked กันตามลายแนวนอนกลางสองชิ้น จาก 1936 สงครามกลางเมืองสเปนถูกทำลายแทบไม่ จะมีการคืนค่าบน ofSabadell ราชดำริพิพิธภัณฑ์เทศบาล มีแสดงไว้ใน Sabadell.The สลายตัวหลักคือ ชั้นวานิช (เชลแล็ก) ซึ่งทำให้เกิดรอยแตก และแห้งเส้นใยกระดาษ ท้าย นี้ oxidizes และเปลี่ยนสีเหลืองวัตถุ เป็นขนาดค่อนข้างใหญ่ (121 x 117 ซม) ไม่ช่วยในการอนุรักษ์อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง เอาน้ำยาวานิชเก่าได้อนุญาตให้ repare ความเสียหายอื่น ๆ รอง: น้ำตา ช่องว่าง และริ้วรอย แต่สำคัญที่สุดคือ ว่า วานิชใหม่เป็นไม่รับอิเล็กตรอน หรือสีเหลือง ก็ยืดหยุ่นมาก มันจะไม่แตกในอนาคต Microfissures นับไม่ถ้วนเกิดผิวเดิมเรียบของกระดาษพิมพ์ รูปข้างบน raking กระจก แสดงวิธีเอานเล็บเดิมสามารถ hydrate กระดาษอีก คืนความยืดหยุ่นของการ คราบชื้นได้ยังความเสียหายเล็กน้อย (ในทางกายภาพ และเคมีเสถียรภาพของวัตถุ), แต่แรกพวกน่ารำคาญมาก เมื่อพวกเขาได้ทำความสะอาด แผนที่ท่าสุดเพลิดเพลิน ถอด micro ของวานิชได้รับผลกระทบคือความชัดเจนของงาน สะท้อนได้ดีสี และเบลอบรรทัด หลังจาก varnished เก่าแล้ว สีความเข้มของการกู้คืนและข้อกำหนด การคืนค่าได้ตัดด้านที่เป็นอันตราย และ healed ความเสียหายหลัก เคารพลักษณะและลักษณะที่ปรากฏดั้งเดิมของแผนที่: เคลือบ slats ไม้ ผ้าด้านหลังและทุกรุ่นที่นำเสนอ ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ใช้รักษาระยะยาว และสามารถย้อนกลับได้ วิธีที่เราทำ: เอาผืนผ้าใบจากด้านหลัง แยกสองชิ้นกระดาษพิมพ์ ทำความสะอาดน้ำและ deacidification ใช่ เอกสารที่ล้างในน้ำ สองส่วนที่แยกต่างหากของแผนที่ ทำความสะอาด และไม่ มีน้ำยาวานิช ที่ได้ถูกเอาออก โดยแช่เกินไป ปรับขนาด รวมน้ำตาและช่องว่าง เพิ่มเสริมสร้างเนื้อเยื่อบนกลับ (ญี่ปุ่นกระดาษซับ) ตกแต่งช่องด้านหน้า Varnishing.Mounted บนผืนผ้าใบ slats และทุกรุ่น Restorers: Carbonell มารีน่าและริต้า Udinaใช้ร่วมกัน:Twitter8Facebook63LinkedIn20GoogleEmailPrintMoreความคิดที่ 14 บน "ฟื้นฟูโรงเรียนโปสเตอร์จากรอบระยะเวลาของสงครามกลางเมืองสเปน"Edgar Bolívar Rojas on August 15, 2014 at 14:38 said:Maravilloso ejemplo de la importancia de la memoria, en este caso del sistema educativo.—Wonderful example of the importance of memory, in educational system in this case.Reply ↓Rita Udinaon August 15, 2014 at 15:02 said:Efectivamente, parece mentira que en plena guerra civil se editaran estos documentos tan valiosos e útiles. Lo curioso, además, es que a pesar de la represión cultural el cartel fue escrito en catalán.—Absolutely, it’s amazing that this valuable and useful documents were edited during civil war. Curious that besides cultural repression the poster was written in catalan.Reply ↓Manelon August 16, 2014 at 06:26said:Rita, segons diuen el cartell s’edita l’any 36, en aquests moments a Catalunya encara no havia caigut la república.—Rita, according to what’s said the poster was edited in 1936, and at that time the catalan republic hadn’t still fallen down.Reply ↓Rita UdinaonAugust 16, 2014 at 08:49said:Doncs tens raó! La repressió va venir després —So right! Repression came after Reply ↓anthonyzammitanhtony on August 25, 2014 at 11:40 said:Well done the procedure worked with good results. What technique used on removing the old varnish? Excellent workReply ↓Rita Udinaon August 28, 2014 at 14:54 said:I removed the varnish with ethanol, on a bath, just after the water one.Reply ↓Beverley Lambert on August 25, 2014 at 17:02 said:Wonderful! impressed that these conservators willing to share their experience. This is definitely a help to others for future treatments.Reply ↓Rita Udinaon August 28, 2014 at 14:55 said:Thank you Beverly,It’s such a pleasure in fact, I also learn a lot from sharing.Reply ↓Beverley Lambert, Art conservator, Newfoundland, Canada on August 25, 2014 at 23:57 said:I too wondered whether the water wash removed the varnish. It could be so, if the varnish was animal based and old, probably cross linked -deteriorated enough to ‘dissolve’ in water? I have found distilled or di-ionized water a strengthening agent for old papers, by removing acidReply ↓Rita Udinaon August 28, 2014 at 15:00 said:Hi Beverly,The varnish was removed in ethanol bath after the one with water, it dissolved really well on this solvent that is why I’m pretty sure it was shellac, not any animal glue.I agree with you on the beneffits of water, I water-clean whenever I can, and so I did on this map.Thanks for your comment!Reply ↓Jeff Cargill on March 13, 2015 at 11:12said:Hi RitaYou mention that you used the Ethanol bath after one with water. Did you apply the ethanol while the paper was still damp? Just thinking that the paper being moist would prevent penetration of the dissolved varnish into the paper structure. I’ve removed varnish before using cotton swabs and denatured alcohol (basically 95% Ethanol, 5% Methanol), the varnish was removed but it also penetrated into the paper to some extent and I wasn’t entirely satisfied with the result.Reply ↓Rita Udinaon March 13, 2015 at 15:05 said:Hi Jeff,It does, indeed, penetrate at some extent.The ethanol bath was short after the water one, and the paper was not completely dry, a little damp.Anyhow, to remove as much as possible shellac and avoid paper fibres to get soked in it, I did a couple of baths. The seconnd one, I hope, removed quite a lot the remnants, which I imagine is unavoisable to remove completely.My thought while doing this was:why when these varnishes are dry they look so superficial when in fact, when they are being applied, the solvents used penetreate so easily among fibres? I mean, that when first varnished it might have been quite impregnated, not only superficially…Thanks for your comment! Reply ↓Eddie on July 24, 2015 at 00:26 said:Beautiful work!!How many layers of Japanese lining paper were applied?Reply ↓Rita Udinaon July 24, 2015 at 16:14 said:Two layers of a 12 gr japanese paper.Thanks for your comment! Reply ↓What do you think?POSTS by tag:Aida Nunes architecturearchives Arsenio Sánchez Hernampérez art bibliographybibliopaths bookbinders booksCarmen Peña contemporary coursesdocuments Domènec Palau Emma Sánchez Hildegard Homburger ICCROM industrial heritage IPCE (Institute for Cultural Heritage of Spain) Josep Cambras large scalelibraries Luis Crespo Arcá museumsNano for Art plans/maps Portugal National Library poster rare booksrestorers Sabadell History Museum (Barcelona) Serra & Balet Spanish National Librarytapes tracing paper treasureUniversity of Barcelona (UB)POST by category (hierarchic)POST by category (hierarchic) Select Category BIBLIOGRAPHY (1) DAMAGES (13) acidity / oxidation (6) bibliopath (4) bibliophagist (3) insect (1) woodworm (1) microorganisms (3) mould (3) foxing (1) scotch tape (5) structural (1) wrinkles (8) OBJECT (16) book (9) bundle (1) headband (2) locks (2) tight back (1) document (10) drawing (2) fund / archive (1) poster (2) PRODUCTS (8) chemical gel (1) Filmoplast (1) Klucel (2) nanoparticles (1) shellac (3) solvent (4) synthetic varnish (1) SUPPORT (16) leather (5) parchment (3) metal (3) paper (13) coated paper (art paper) (1) laid paper (2) tracing paper (6) impregnated paper (1) onion skin paper (3) textile (3) cotton (1) silk (1) velvet (1) wood (2) TECHNIQUE (15) graphite (pencil) (3) ink (4) manuscript (9) print (8) engraving (1) reproduction (1) diazotype (1) watercolour (3) THEORY on cons. & rest. (3) criteria (3) TREATMENTS (19) binding (4) bleaching (1) cleaning (11) dry cleaning (4) stain removal (6) tape-removal (1) varnish removal (3) wet cleaning (6) consolidation (11) insert (10) leafcasting (1) lining (paper) / lamination (4) lining (textile) (1) sizing (2) deacidification (5) digitization (2) disinfection (2) flattening (2) flattening under tension (1) housing (storage) (3) box (3) minimal intervention (2) preventive conservation (2) climate (RH, temp.) (1) retouching (5) varnishing (3) Cloud of categoriesacidity / oxidation bibliopathbinding book box cleaning criteriadeacidification digitization disinfectiondocument drawing dry cleaning flattening graphite (pencil)headband ink insert Klucel laid paperleather lining (paper) / laminationlocks manuscript metal minimal intervention mould onion skin paperpaper parchment poster printretouching scotch tape shellacsizing solvent stain removaltracing paper varnishing varnish removal watercolour wet cleaningwood wrinkles
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