2. Methods
The crude suicide rates during a 15-year period (1996–2010)
were analysed. A time series was plotted to examine the
proportion of suicides according to the method of death (direct
cause), and suicide rates according to gender and age groups (in
groups of 10 years from 15 years to 75 years or over). In addition,
an ecological study was carried out, where the unit of analysis was
all 558 of the Brazilian geographic micro-regions as defined by the
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro
de Geografia e Estatı´stica – IBGE).
Suicide was defined as death resulting from an intentionally
self-inflicted injury/poisoning and registered as the principal cause
of death on death certificates. The data on deaths were obtained
from the Ministry of Health’s Mortality Information System
(Sistema de Informac¸o˜es em Mortalidade – SIM/DATASUS-MS)
(Estatı´sticas Vitais, 2010), and the International Classification of
Diseases ICD-10 codes X60 to X84 were considered to be deaths
from suicide. All suicides were included regardless of the method
used. The analyses were restricted to people aged 15 or over
because the suicide rate in people younger than 15 accounted for
approximately only 1.2% of the total and because of the interest in
examining the effects of occupational exposure. Suicides where the
age was unknown were also excluded.
The number of suicides for each micro-region was used to build
crude suicide rates. Afterwards, suicide rates per micro-region
were age-standardized through the direct method, using the
World Health Organization standard population (WHO, 2001) as a
reference (Ahmed et al., 2000). The standardized rates were
calculated according to age groups (15–24; 25–34; 35–44; 45–54;
55–64; 65–74; 75 years or more) per annum, for the entire
population (both genders) and stratified according to gender (male
suicides and female suicides). The mean standardized rates for a
five-year period (2006–2010) were calculated and these results
were used in the multivariate analyses.
Multivariate analysis through multiple linear regression was
carried out to examine the associations between pesticides
(pesticide exposure and pesticide poisonings) and suicide rates
(for entire population and stratified by gender).
2. Methods
The crude suicide rates during a 15-year period (1996–2010)
were analysed. A time series was plotted to examine the
proportion of suicides according to the method of death (direct
cause), and suicide rates according to gender and age groups (in
groups of 10 years from 15 years to 75 years or over). In addition,
an ecological study was carried out, where the unit of analysis was
all 558 of the Brazilian geographic micro-regions as defined by the
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro
de Geografia e Estatı´stica – IBGE).
Suicide was defined as death resulting from an intentionally
self-inflicted injury/poisoning and registered as the principal cause
of death on death certificates. The data on deaths were obtained
from the Ministry of Health’s Mortality Information System
(Sistema de Informac¸o˜es em Mortalidade – SIM/DATASUS-MS)
(Estatı´sticas Vitais, 2010), and the International Classification of
Diseases ICD-10 codes X60 to X84 were considered to be deaths
from suicide. All suicides were included regardless of the method
used. The analyses were restricted to people aged 15 or over
because the suicide rate in people younger than 15 accounted for
approximately only 1.2% of the total and because of the interest in
examining the effects of occupational exposure. Suicides where the
age was unknown were also excluded.
The number of suicides for each micro-region was used to build
crude suicide rates. Afterwards, suicide rates per micro-region
were age-standardized through the direct method, using the
World Health Organization standard population (WHO, 2001) as a
reference (Ahmed et al., 2000). The standardized rates were
calculated according to age groups (15–24; 25–34; 35–44; 45–54;
55–64; 65–74; 75 years or more) per annum, for the entire
population (both genders) and stratified according to gender (male
suicides and female suicides). The mean standardized rates for a
five-year period (2006–2010) were calculated and these results
were used in the multivariate analyses.
Multivariate analysis through multiple linear regression was
carried out to examine the associations between pesticides
(pesticide exposure and pesticide poisonings) and suicide rates
(for entire population and stratified by gender).
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