The intervention for the foot massage group was composed of 30-minute sessions every other day, for a total of 8 times over 2 weeks by an assistant researcher trained in the course of professional footmassage. Footmassage is a gentle, manual pressing with the hands over the whole foot, including the reflex zones. The intervention comprised 30-minute sessions every other day, for a total of 8 times over 2 weeks. As with foot bathing, foot massages were performed during the first, second, and eighth sessions by the assistant researcher at the hospital, whereas the main caregiver performed them at home from the third through seventh sessions. The main caregiver was trained in the method during the first and second sessions while at the hospital. In the foot massage group, the patients were relaxed with a 5-minute soaking of their feet in warm water with drying afterward. The foot massage was then performed for 10 minutes on each foot, with
the use of a foot massage cream. After the massage, the participants were encouraged to take deep breaths and relax in a supine or sitting position for 5 minutes.16 Patients were encouraged to drink warm water and put on sleep socks after every foot massage.