1. The use of outdated technology in the domestic market
2. Lack of trust – sometimes suppliers fail to meet the agreed delivery time
3. Documentation – failure or delay of the supplier to submit final documents required for clearing goods at port of entry e.g., Request for Information (RFI) form
4. Lack of integrated computerised system to link with suppliers
5. Some of the original manufacturers of parts no longer exist – importers are forced to make special orders for spare parts
6. Procurement of counterfeit products (spare parts)
7. Quality assurance determines the nature of supply chain and it can be expensive
8. Manufacturers/suppliers don’t accept small orders
9. Price increases before opening a letter of credit in favour of the supplier
10. Lack of reliable internet services, especially speed
11. Currency requirement for making payments to the suppliers
12. Suppliers sometimes select expensive method of transport
13. Suppliers’ culture is imposed on local transport operations
14. Overseas suppliers require expensive specifications and drawings of products
15. Difficulty to obtain information on the reliability of the overseas supplier (difficulty to assess overseas suppliers)
16. Procurement function sometimes is not involved in making procurement decisions
17. International commerce terms (Incoterms) used – suppliers offer cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) delivery terms, but the country’s import policy requires the use of cost and freight (C&F)