A total of 438 malnourished children (227 boys and 211 girls) were recruited from six government schools in New Delhi (Ghaziabad), India (Protocol I.D. No. 2008LOT001). The children were between the ages of six to eight, and met the criteria for mild (Grade I) or moderate (Grade II) malnutrition according to the Gomez classification of nutritional status (Grade I: 75–89% of reference body weight; Grade II: 60–74% of reference body weight) (Gomez et al., 1955, 1956). To be included in the study, the subjects must be generally healthy (i.e., does not have any serious diseases or infections) and pass a physical exam performed by a physician during the screening visit. Additionally, the children must not be taking any other marketed nutritional supplements over the course of the study. Children were excluded from the study if they have a history of cardiovascular or respiratory diseases or any other illnesses. All of the children who were screened met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. None of the subjects had to be withdrawn or dropped out during the study.