classes of levers
The positions of the fulcrum, the load, and the effort on a
lever can vary. There are three possible combinations, which
are called classes. Fortunately for us, the law of the lever is
exactly the same for each class, meaning that the mechanical
advantage is calculated in the same way for all of them.
The lever classes are as follows:
- Class 1 (see Figure 7-5): The fulcrum is located in the
middle of the lever and the load and effort at its ends. This
is the only class of lever where effort and load are applied
in opposite directions (that is, to lift a load up, you have to
apply effort downward). Examples: a seesaw or a crowbar.
- Class 2 (see Figures 7-6 and 7-7): The load is located in
the middle of the lever and the fulcrum and effort at its
ends. Example: a wheelbarrow, with the wheel being its
fulcrum.
- Class 3 (see Figures 7-8 and 7-9): The effort is located in
the middle of the lever and the load and the fulcrum at its
ends. Because of this arrangement, the class 3 levers have
a mechanical advantage of less than 1 and are used to
trade force for distance rather than the other way around.
This makes them useful when there is plenty of force
that can be used to move the load over greater distance.
Example: a boom of a crane elevated by a pneumatic
cylinder attached to its middle.
classes of levers
The positions of the fulcrum, the load, and the effort on a
lever can vary. There are three possible combinations, which
are called classes. Fortunately for us, the law of the lever is
exactly the same for each class, meaning that the mechanical
advantage is calculated in the same way for all of them.
The lever classes are as follows:
- Class 1 (see Figure 7-5): The fulcrum is located in the
middle of the lever and the load and effort at its ends. This
is the only class of lever where effort and load are applied
in opposite directions (that is, to lift a load up, you have to
apply effort downward). Examples: a seesaw or a crowbar.
- Class 2 (see Figures 7-6 and 7-7): The load is located in
the middle of the lever and the fulcrum and effort at its
ends. Example: a wheelbarrow, with the wheel being its
fulcrum.
- Class 3 (see Figures 7-8 and 7-9): The effort is located in
the middle of the lever and the load and the fulcrum at its
ends. Because of this arrangement, the class 3 levers have
a mechanical advantage of less than 1 and are used to
trade force for distance rather than the other way around.
This makes them useful when there is plenty of force
that can be used to move the load over greater distance.
Example: a boom of a crane elevated by a pneumatic
cylinder attached to its middle.
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