3. Thailand’s GHG mitigation target
In 2000 Thailand emitted about 70% of its carbon dioxide
emissions from the energy sector, about 23% from the agricultural
sector, and about 7% from industrial processes. The trend of GHG
emissions in Thailand has been increasing; however, Thailand is
categorized in Non-Annex I countries and has no commitment to
any quantitative objectives under the Kyoto Protocol. There are
many projects which show an intention of being the main
supporter for climate change reduction and GHG mitigation in
South-East Asia including the proposed Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Thailand’s NAMAs are classified into
two types: domestic NAMAs and internationally supported
NAMAs. Domestic NAMAs or domestically supported mitigation
actions are the unilateral NAMAs whose financing and implementation
are supported by Thailand’s government as the countermeasures
in these NAMAs generally have low investment cost and
can be implemented, e.g. energy management and energy effi-
ciency improvement. The international NAMAs or international
supported mitigation actions involve high investment cost and
advanced technology countermeasures. Therefore the international
NAMAs have to seek international support to facilitate
financial assistance on countermeasures. In 2020, the amount of
forecasted GHG emissions is 331.6 Mt-CO2 and the NAMAs project
reported that Thailand has potential to reduce GHG emissions
about 29.5 Mt-CO2 for domestic NAMAs and 35.5 Mt-CO2 for
internationally supported NAMAs. The total of GHG mitigation
from the NAMAs project is 65.0 Mt-CO2 and accounted for 19.6% of
total emissions. Therefore, the GHG mitigation levels in 2020,
which are considered in this study, are analyzed at two levels: 10%
and 20%, and increased to 30% and 50% in 2050, respectively.