Description of the condition
The lifetime risk of developing any type of cancer is 44% for
men and 38% for women (NCI 2010) and a diagnosis of cancer
may result in extensive emotional, physical and social suffering.
Many symptoms and treatment side effects impact on the
physical well-being as well as the quality of life (QoL) of the
cancer patient, including appetite disturbance, difficulty swallowing,
nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dyspnea or diffi-
culty breathing, fatigue, insomnia, muscle weakness and numbness
(King 2003). In addition, study findings clearly indicate that
cancer patients experience elevated levels of psychological distress
(Duivenvoorden 1997; Norton 2004; Sellick 1999) and depression
(Massie 2004; Parle 1996; Raison 2003) in response to diagnosis
and treatment. The actual experience of chemotherapyinduced
side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, and their in-
fluence on psychological well-being varies widely in patients receiving
the same cytotoxic agents. This suggests that non-pharmacological
factors possibly play an important role in how patients
experience or interpret physical symptoms during the treatment
phase (Montgomery 2000; Thune-Boyle 2006).
Description of the condition
The lifetime risk of developing any type of cancer is 44% for
men and 38% for women (NCI 2010) and a diagnosis of cancer
may result in extensive emotional, physical and social suffering.
Many symptoms and treatment side effects impact on the
physical well-being as well as the quality of life (QoL) of the
cancer patient, including appetite disturbance, difficulty swallowing,
nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dyspnea or diffi-
culty breathing, fatigue, insomnia, muscle weakness and numbness
(King 2003). In addition, study findings clearly indicate that
cancer patients experience elevated levels of psychological distress
(Duivenvoorden 1997; Norton 2004; Sellick 1999) and depression
(Massie 2004; Parle 1996; Raison 2003) in response to diagnosis
and treatment. The actual experience of chemotherapyinduced
side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, and their in-
fluence on psychological well-being varies widely in patients receiving
the same cytotoxic agents. This suggests that non-pharmacological
factors possibly play an important role in how patients
experience or interpret physical symptoms during the treatment
phase (Montgomery 2000; Thune-Boyle 2006).
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