Focal Stimuli—Focal stimuli are those confronting an individual that necessitate adaptation
(Pollock et al., 1994). The focal stimulus that is being targeted for this discussion is chronic
illness, which can be defined as a condition of long-term duration, not curable, and/or having
some residual features that impose limitations on functional capabilities (Dimond & Jones,
1983). Chronic illness affects all aspects of life including perceptions of stress, social support,
and quality of life and may coexist with health in the same individual at any point in the life
span. Thus, adaptation to the illness and health maintenance are important to the quality of life
of those with chronic health problems.