II. Declarative memory
A. Declarative memory or explicit memory is a memory system
that is controlled consciously, intentionally, and flexibly. Declarative
memory generally involves some effort and intention, and
we can employ memory strategies such as mnemonics to recall
information.
1. It is mediated by the hippocampus and frontal lobes, and,
thus, damage to these areas may compromise declarative
memory. For example, people with damage to the hippocampus
have difficulty forming new long-term declarative memories,
while those with frontal lobe damage may experience
deficits in working memory.
2. E xplicit memory is measured with explicit memory tests, such
as recall and recognition, in which an individual is fully aware
that he or she is being tested.
3. It generally declines with age.
B. E xamples include recalling the name of an old friend, remembering
a list of items to pick up at the store, remembering information
for a test, learning a phone number, and recalling your
ATM password.