Tsai et al. [19] fast pyrolyzed to produce valuable products from rice straw, sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell in an externally heated fixed-bed reactor. The effect of process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and holding time on the yields of pyrolysis products and their chemical compositions were investigated. Wei et al. [20] studied the effect of the particle size in the pyrolysis process in a free fall reactor, and they concluded that smaller particles lead to an increase in the gas yield and a decrease in char and tar yields. Fluidized bed flash pyrolysis experiments have been conducted by Antony Raja on jatropha oil cake to determine particularly the effect of particle size, nitrogen gas flow rate and temperature on the pyrolytic yield and obtained maximum liquid yield of 64.25% at temperature of 500 C with a particle size of 0.7e1.0 mm and at a nitrogen gas flow rate of 1.75 m3 h 1 [21]. Wang et al., investigated effect of the low pyrolysis temperature (400e700 C) and low heating rate (5e20 C min 1) on the pyrolysis characteristics of oil sludge in a horizontal quartz reactor. They have found that the optimum oil fraction conditions obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 C, retention time of 20 min at 400 C and a heating rate of 10 C min 1. Three additives used in their work as catalyst did not improve oil product quality markedly although they promoted pyrolysis conversion significantly