Although a treatment regimen of appropriate nutrition, regular physical activity (i.e., at least 150 minutes per weekofmoderate-intensity aerobic exercise[e.g., walking], or vigorous-intensity aerobic activity for 75 minutes per week,as well as resistance exercise 3 times per week), and desirable body weight maintenance is important in order toattain blood glucose control and reduce the risk of complications or their progression;in the majority of patients,however,the addition of a glucose-lowering oral drug therapy is necessary for optimal DM2 control. Temporaryinsulin therapy is commonly combined with oral agents during periods of illness or extreme stress, and many patientsroutinely require insulin during late-stage DM2. Bariatric surgery may be considered in patients with DM2 whose
body mass index (BMI) exceeds 35 kg/m2.The long-term quality of blood glucose control plays a major role indetermining the onset and severity of complications;however, glycemic control alone is insufficient in obtainingand maintaining DM2 control, and therefore the interventions involved are diverseand strict adherence to themulti-disciplinary treatment regimen and routine screening examinations of the skin, eyes, and feet are essential tooptimize quality of life and maximize life expectancy.