Outcome measures
Effect of the intervention. The
monthly incidence rate ratios (IRRs)
between the intervention and control
wards during the stabilized intervention
(between July and December
2009) consisted of the following three
parameters, all divided into 100
patient-days: seclusion, restraints, or
room observation days (the number of
patient-days when any seclusionrestraint
or room observation was
used); seclusion-restraint time (the
patient-hours spent in seclusion or
restraint); and violence (the number
of incidents of physical violence
against any person, including selfharm).
In addition, the number of
injuries to patients and staff during
the intervention year was compared
with data for the previous year