Project and Program Management (P2M) is the first Japanese project and program management for
enterprise innovation developed by Professor Shigenobu Ohara of the Nippon Institute of Technology
in 2001, with the support of Ministry of Economy and Industry in Japan, and its standard is managed
by Project Management Certification Center [1].
The P2M model aims to create a strategic framework of innovation in order to improve corporate
values in project management methodologies [2] and to create a way for Japanese enterprises to
develop more innovative approaches to ensure that their businesses can compete in the global business
environment [3]. Innovations here include decisions to downsize or withdraw from unprofitable
projects or further invest in potential ones, the restructuring of team members or projects, and an
evaluation of employee performances. These enhancements and innovations will help ensure the
success of certain projects or programs.
Project management has been applied in various kinds of industries such as construction,
manufacturing, information technology (IT), engineering and defense industries. Construction industry