An increasingly important new application of mobile robots is motion and navigation on uneven and rough terrains. Wheels in a
wheeled mobile robot, moving on a plane surface, are often assumed to be undergoing pure rolling or slip-free motion. In general, two
wheels joined by a common rigid axle cannot roll on an uneven terrain without slip since there is no instantaneous center compatible
with both the wheels [1]. Slip at the wheel-ground contact points leads to localization errors when only on-board odometer is used
and wastes power which is often at a premium in activities such as planetary exploration. To overcome wheel slip, the distance between
the wheel-ground contact points needs to change so that a common instantaneous center exists. Researchers have proposed
two approaches to avoid kinematic wheel slip — the variable axle length approach [2] allows the axle length to vary when the mobile
robot moves on the uneven terrain and the wheel lateral tilt approach allows the wheel to tilt laterally while moving on the uneven
terrain thereby effectively changing the wheel-ground contact distance without changing the axle length [3,4]. The lateral tilt changes
the wheel camber angle and this has been termed as passive variable camber (PVC) [5]. However, in all the above mentioned works,
experimental evidence is not presented. In this paper, we explore the wheel lateral tilt approach and provide numerical simulation
and experimental results for a three-wheeled mobile robot traversing an uneven terra
An increasingly important new application of mobile robots is motion and navigation on uneven and rough terrains. Wheels in awheeled mobile robot, moving on a plane surface, are often assumed to be undergoing pure rolling or slip-free motion. In general, twowheels joined by a common rigid axle cannot roll on an uneven terrain without slip since there is no instantaneous center compatiblewith both the wheels [1]. Slip at the wheel-ground contact points leads to localization errors when only on-board odometer is usedand wastes power which is often at a premium in activities such as planetary exploration. To overcome wheel slip, the distance betweenthe wheel-ground contact points needs to change so that a common instantaneous center exists. Researchers have proposedtwo approaches to avoid kinematic wheel slip — the variable axle length approach [2] allows the axle length to vary when the mobilerobot moves on the uneven terrain and the wheel lateral tilt approach allows the wheel to tilt laterally while moving on the uneventerrain thereby effectively changing the wheel-ground contact distance without changing the axle length [3,4]. The lateral tilt changesthe wheel camber angle and this has been termed as passive variable camber (PVC) [5]. However, in all the above mentioned works,experimental evidence is not presented. In this paper, we explore the wheel lateral tilt approach and provide numerical simulationand experimental results for a three-wheeled mobile robot traversing an uneven terra
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