All statistical analyses involving only first-year data were based on the
original 5-point scale used by first-year students when ranking their efficacy
beliefs. Similarly, analyses involving only second-year data were based on the
original 3-point scale used by CHE 205 students. To allow for comparisons to
be made across the two groups, first-year students’ survey responses were
recoded from a 5-point scale to a 3-point scale (i.e. 1