However, there is some information present that provides resolution regarding the deeper divergences in the complex. Therefore, we included this gene in the concatenation. With respect to the protein-coding loci, the gyrA and groEL genes show some low levels of discordance in comparison to the other genes with respect to the phylogenetic placement of four strains of B. subtilis. The gyrA and groEL genes represent the fastest-evolving and slowest-evolving loci, respectively, in our dataset as judged by levels of synonymous (dS) and non-synonymous (dN) site divergence (Supplementary Table S1, available in IJSEM Online). The phylogenetic discordance observed is discussed later in the text as it pertains to relationships among strains of B. subtilis.