CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THEORY TO PRACTICE The ethnonursing study by McFarland(1995, 2002), which covered 2 years starting in the late 1980s compared Anglo-American and African American groups living in a residence home for the elderly in one large Midwestern United States city. The re search was another in-depth emic and etic culture care investigation that revealed several significant findings and the importance of using the three action and decision modes of the theory when caring for the elderly. The culturally congruent care findings were as follows