Higher prescription rates of antidepressants correlate with decreasing suicide rates in adults or youth in Hungary,47 Sweden,89 Australia,93 and the United States.91,92 Geographic regions or demographic groups with the highest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescription rates have the lowest suicide rates in the United States91 and Australia.93 Although Iceland,94 Japan,95 and Italy96 do not show such correlations, potential reasons include lack of compliance; pre-existing low-suicide rate, resulting in a floor effect; and high rates of alcoholism that may elevate suicide rates or the effect may be confined to women because too few men seek and comply with treatment with antidepressants. Suicide rates in 27 countries fell most markedly in countries that had the greatest increase in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescriptions.99 Patient population studies report lower suicide attempt rates in adults treated with antidepressant medication97 and in adolescents after 6 months of antidepressant treatment compared with less than two months of treatment.98 The risk of an ecological fallacy, that is, inferring causality from group correlations, prevents attributing decreases in suicide rates solely to antidepressant use. Nevertheless, there is a striking correlation and plausible mechanism linking antidepressant use to declining rates of untreated major depression and therefore suicide.