Results: Linear and quadratic force–velocity and power–velocity relationships were obtained for downstroke and upstroke.
Maximal power output (Pmax) generated over these two sectors represented, respectively, 73.6% T 2.6% and 10.3% T 1.8% of Pmax assessed over the entire cycle. In the whole group, Pmax over the complete cycle was significantly related to Pmax during the downstroke and upstroke.
IE significantly decreased with pedaling rate, especially in bottom and upstroke. There were significant relationships
between power output and IE for top and upstroke when the pedaling rate was below or around the optimal value and in all the sectors at very high cadences.