Lab-scaleUASBreactors (liquid
volume 0.25 L) were initiated with 35 g of volatile suspended
solids (VSS) L-1 of the anaerobic granular sludge and with
a neutralized volatile fatty acid (VFA) mixture (1.5 g of COD
L-1 at a 1:1:1 COD-based ratio of acetate, propionate, and
butyrate)