People admitted to the emergency room of Instituto Philippe Pinel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, whose
aggression/agitation was thought due to psychosis and for whom staff were unsure if best to restrict using physical
restraints or a seclusion room, were randomly allocated to one or the other and followed up to 14 days. The primary
outcomes were ‘no need to change intervention early – within 1 h’ and ‘ not restricted by 4 h’.