The results show that home-based treatment and care was acceptable to patients, families, communities and health-care workers and was seen as preferable to hospital-based care by most respondents in all groups, including by all interviewed patients and family members. Home-based care was also viewed as safe, conducive to recovery, facilitating psychosocial support and allowing more free time and earning potential for patients and caretakers. While some health-care workers were concerned about infection transmission risks with home-based care, patients were instead concerned about hospital-acquired infections. In addition to MDR-TB treatment, MSF provided information on MDR-TB and infection control to the patient and their extended household, including education around modes of transmission. Patients were isolated in a separate Tukul (hut) within the home during the initial phase of treatment, while they were sputum positive, the logistics of which were supported by MSF. Home visits were conducted by MSF medical staff and a counsellor, who paid attention to the patient’s experience as well as perceptions of the family. These factors would have influenced the results with regards to assertions around MDR-TB transmission.