of HIV status self-efficacy (Kalichman &Nachimson, 1999). Low educational attainment and low levels of acculturation are related to low condom-use selfefficacy (Marดın et al., 1998). This finding suggests that sociocultural factors should be considered in order to unpack the nature of constructs such as selfefficacy and their validity for Latino gay men. Without further examination of sociocultural influences, researchers will not know whether measures of selfefficacy actually capture that construct or whether they are indirect indicators of culturally prescribed beliefs about appropriate behavior in sexual situations. As Hobfoll (1998) pointed out, the concept of condom self-efficacy itself may reflect a European American cultural ideal of controlling sexual impulses, which deviates from a Latino cultural ideal of being passionate. Therefore, the influence of social desirability on responding would be different in the two cultures. Without research that further explores cultural context, we will not know the degree to which measures of constructs like self-efficacy are valid with different groups