The first set includes disparities in educational and economic developments which create skills surpluses and shortages among ASEAN countries. Large disparities in wages and employment opportunities lead to flows from lower income and labour surplus countries to higher income and skill shortage countries. Employment opportunities, higher remuneration and geographic-social-cultural-linguistic preferences determine the locational decisions of migrant skilled labour. Singapore, Brunei and Malaysia are net recipients while other ASEAN countries are net senders.