Endogenous TGase is a Ca2 þ- dependent enzyme, and addition of calcium ion to fish protein
paste has been confirmed to increase TGase activity, resulting in gel texture improvement (Yongsawatdigul, Worratao, & Park, 2002). Furthermore, calcium from fish bone has been reported to activate endogenous TGase (Hemung, 2013; Yin & Park, 2014). Thus, addition of fish bone powder into surimi seafood is likely to provide additional dietary calcium and improve gel texture. However, investigations on improving of surimi gel texture by addition of fish bone are rarely reported.